Basic of Networking For Banking Exam

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  • What is a Network?
A group of devices connected to eachother to share information is called as a basic network.
  • What is a Computer Network?
A group of computers and devices such as switch, router, printer and scanner connected to eachother to share information or data is called computer network.
  • What is Topology?
Topology is the way in which network communicate with different devices.

Types of Network Topology



Wired Topology

The devices which are connected to eachother through a cable are called wired topology.

   1. Star Topology

All devices connected to single device such as switch or hub to share data is called star topology.
                                        
Fig 1:- Star Topology Using Packet Tracer Software.

As shown in above fig 1 four computers are connected to a single switch.

Advantages 
  • Other devices will not due to single device failure.
  • Easy to install.
  • Cost of installation is low
Disadvantages 
  • Centralized device fails whole system get damaged.
  • More cables required for complex network.
     2. Ring Topology

In this each computer is connected in the form of closed loop so that every computer has two neighbors.

                                                                         Fig.2:-Ring Topology Using Packet Tracer.

In fig 2 four switch and four computers are used to connect eachother. The first computer is connected to last computer so that it form a loop.

Advantages
  • No need of centralized device to control.
  • Token are used to sent data to particular location.
  • All data is transferred in one direction which reduce the chances of collision.
Disadvantages
  • Single network fails whole network get failed.
  • when PC1 send data to PC4 then it will go through PC2 and PC3 so speed get reduced.
      3. Bus Topology

Each device is connected to single cable i.e, backbone to share information. There are terminators at the end of single cable.

                                                                        Fig.3:- Bus Topology Using Packet Tracer.
Advantages
  • Easy to connect single computer to backbone cable.
  • Less cables are required as compared to star topology.
  • Failure of single computer doesnot affect entire network.
Disadvantages
  • When backbone cable fails entire network fail.
  • Collision occurs due to bidirectional data transfer.
      4. Mesh Topology

In this each computer is connected to other computer. Internet is one of the best example of mesh topology.

                                                                       Fig.4:- Mesh Topology Using Packet Tracer.

Advantages
  • Failure of single path doesnot affect it can be sent through other path.
  • Handles more traffic e.g. Internet.
  • Finds shortest path to send data.
Disadvantages
  • As each device connected to other cables requirement is more so cost increases.
Wireless Topology

1. Infrastructure Topology

The combination of both wired and wireless devices i.e, star,bus,ring,mesh topology connected to other devices through access point. Through access point it is connected to other devices such as mobile,laptop.
Access point basically act as modem.

2. Ad hoc Topology 

All the devices are connected wireless i.e, laptop connected to mobile device, printers. In this access point arenot present whole system is wireless.

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